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Under the Colombian Constitution of , the president of Colombia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Colombia. As chief of the executive branch and head of the national government as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in Colombia by influence and recognition. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the Military Forces of Colombia.
The president is directly elected to a four-year term in a popular election.
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Since the passing of the Legislative Act 2 of , no person may be elected president more than twice. The president must be at least 30 years of age and a "natural born" citizen of Colombia. Although Colombia has historically been considered an independent country since , the quality of "president" of Colombia of the leaders who governed the current South American country before the Independence of Spain was consolidated is equally accepted.
The following is a list of those rulers prior to , considered official by various sources in the country such as the Museum of the Bank of the Republic. The following were the leaders who exercised executive power during the First Republic, either as presidents of the Supreme Junta of Santa Fe — , presidents of the State of Cundinamarca — in red or presidents of the Congress of the United Provinces of New Granada — , the last two states in dispute.
The Republic of Colombia of — is now commonly referred to as the Gran Colombia to differentiate it from the present-day Republic of Colombia. Gran Colombia was the union of the territories that comprised the Viceroyalty of the New Granada under the uti possidetis principle, and it included the political entities that had formed in the New Granada after the initial wars of independence of against the Kingdom of Spain under King Joseph I ; those included the Second Republic of Venezuela , the United Provinces of New Granada , the Presidency of Quito , and the Royal Audiencia of Panama.
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The presidency dates back to the Congress of Angostura. This quasi- constituent assembly was formed to lay the ground work for a self-ruled governing administration after independence. The Constituent Assembly was formed by regional leaders that represented areas under rebel control; these areas did not include parts of what is now Colombia, as those areas were still under Spanish control, but aimed to legislate on its behalf.
Congress elected an interim-executive officer and vested this figure with the title of president. In , former vice president Santander was elected by Congress as president of Gran Colombia, and it would be the last, since the territories of Venezuela and Ecuador broke away, which prompted the drafting of a new constitution.