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She previously served as the 13th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia from to To date, she is the first and only woman to hold either office in Australia. Her father was a railway booking clerk and she has a sister three years her senior. During this time Julia showed her interest in politics and unionism, serving as President of the Australian Union of Students from to Julia was elected to the House of Representatives at the election for the division of Lalor.

In she was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet. The election took place on 21 August, resulting in a hung parliament. Julia formed a minority government with the support of a Green MP and three independants.

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Julia considered education central to her economic agenda, and education reform legislation to implement recommendations made in the Gonski Report was passed on the same day she lost the leadership ballot. During Julia's prime ministership she was criticised by parts of the Australian media and some members of the Liberal Party based on her gender, her unmarried status, her personal life and because she was childless.

One Liberal MP said she was "unfit for leadership because she was deliberately barren". Leader of the Liberal Party Tony Abbott , who had a history of making sexist remarks and once stood next to a sign "ditch the witch" in reference to Julia, even played the victim by accusing Julia of sexism towards him. This culminated in Julia on 9 October delivering her now famous Misogyny Speech in the parliament.

Julia's term as Prime Minister was marked by much speculation about leadership tensions and internal conflict within the Labor Party.

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In February she survived a leadership challenge from her predecessor Kevin Rudd. Following poor polling and continued speculation about a leadership Julia responded to Simon Crean's call for a spill. Rudd did not contest the leadership and Julia was re-elected unopposed.